However, much work remains to be done to address the underlying causes of the conflict, including issues of land ownership, economic inequality, and social justice. The Sampit conflict serves as a reminder of the dangers of ethnic and religious tensions, and the need for greater understanding and tolerance between different communities.

Government-sponsored transmigration programs that brought Madurese to Kalimantan starting in the 1930s created competition over land and resources.

The Dayak, traditionally a nature-based, communal society, value mutual respect and specific adat (customary law). The Madurese, known for their fierce work ethic, religious orthodoxy (Islam), and a cultural concept of carok (a fierce defense of honor, often leading to violence), clashed repeatedly. Dayak viewed Madurese as arrogant and aggressive; Madurese viewed Dayak as "backward" pagans.

The Indonesian military, which had been deployed to the area to restore order, was criticized for its handling of the conflict. In the early stages of the violence, the military seemed reluctant to intervene, and in some cases, appeared to be sympathetic to the Dayak militants. This perception was fueled by reports that some military personnel had provided support to the Dayak militants, including supplying them with weapons and ammunition.