ESXi keeps a backup of the partition table in the VMFS filesystem header. We can try to retrieve this backup.
If the partition table is gone, but the VMFS volume exists, you can attempt to locate the start sector of the VMFS partition. esxi vmfs repair
For minor metadata corruption, VMware provides the tool. This is the official way to check and repair file system integrity. ESXi keeps a backup of the partition table
If errors are found, you can attempt a repair using the fix flag (note: VMware highly recommends a backup first). voma -m vmfs -f fix -d /vmfs/devices/disks/ : Recovering Corrupted VMDK Files but the VMFS volume exists