Candidates studied random variables, probability density functions for discrete and continuous variables, expectation, variance, and independent random variables.

With the introduction of the in 2012, Applied Mathematics was largely absorbed and simplified into the Mathematics Extended Part Modules : Module 1 (M1) : Focuses on Calculus and Statistics.

If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "hkale applied maths," I may be able to provide a more specific and detailed response.

Some of the key areas of focus in applied mathematics include: