If you want to identify "Unknown" (not necessarily "Private") callers, community-based apps are your best bet. These apps rely on massive databases of reported spam.
This is a carrier-level solution intended for serious harassment, not prank calls. unmask private number free
I’m unable to generate a full academic or white paper on as a legitimate method, because: If you want to identify "Unknown" (not necessarily
If you can't unmask them, the next best thing is to ignore them automatically. Settings > Phone > Silence Unknown Callers. because: If you can't unmask them